Under finner du noter på engelsk til følgende artikkel i SMA-info nr. 3 – 2012:
Fornyelse av gammel kirkelig forakt: Sabeel
Av Dexter Van Zile
Noter:
[1] Michel Sabbah et al., “A Moment of Truth: A Word of Faith, Hope, and Love from the Heart of Palestinian Suffering,” 11 December 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.kairospalestine.ps/sites/default/Documents/English.pdf
Norsk oversettelse: http://www.kfuk-kfum-global.no/filestore/KairosPalestinaNorsk.pdf
[2] Ibid., para. 1.4.
[3] Ranjan Solomon, “Kairos initiative: a message of hope for a just peace in Palestine,” World Council of Churches, 16 December 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2010, www.oikoumene.org/en/news/news-management/eng/a/article/1634/kairos-initiative-a-mess.html?tx_ttnews%5Bswords%5D=kairos%20document&cHash=b4a5a3f46e183904018e768790ce0e78
[4] For revealing information about the political maneuvering associated with the KPD, see Malcom Lowe, “The Palestinian ‘Kairos’ Document: A Behind-the-Scenes Analysis,” New English Review, April 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm/frm/60512/sec_id/60512
[5] “WCC general secretary applauds church support for the ‘Kairos Palestine’ document,” 21 December 2009. Retrieved 10 September 2010, www.oikoumene.org/en/news/news-management/eng/a/browse/16/article/1634/wcc-general-secretary-app-2.html
[6] “A pastoral response to the Palestine Kairos document: ‘A Moment of Truth,’” Global Ministries of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) and United Church of Christ, April 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010, http://globalministries.org/mee/kairos/UCCDOCGM-Palestine-Kairos-April-2010.pdf
[7] Ryan Roderick Beiler, “A Prophetic Milestone toward Peace,” Sojourners, July 2010, 26.
[8] “On Commending ‘A Moment of Truth: A Word of Faith and Hope from the Heart of Palestinian Suffering’ as an Advocacy Tool,” Item 14-05, answered with another resolution by the PC(USA)’s 219th General Assembly in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.pc-biz.org/Explorer.aspx?id=3069
[9] “CCAR Resolution on the 2009 Kairos Document,” adopted by the Board of Trustees, 15 April 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010, http://data.ccarnet.org/cgi-bin/resodisp.pl?file=kairos&year=2010
[10] “Breaking Down the Walls,” Item 14-08, approved as amended by the PC(USA)’s 219th General Assembly in Minneapolis, Minnesota, on 9 July 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.pc-biz.org/Explorer.aspx?id=3179&promoID=126
[11] Ibid.
[12] The phrase “living stones” is derived from 1 Peter 2:4. This passage calls on Christians to be “living stones” from which a spiritual house can be built. Palestinian Christians often invoke this passage themselves.
[13] Fr. Jean Corbon et al., “What Is Required of the Christian Faith Concerning the Palestine Problem: A Memorandum by a Group of Middle Eastern Theologians,” reprinted in Christians, Zionism and Palestine: A Selection of Articles and Statements on the Religious and Political Aspects of the Palestine Problem (Beirut: Institute for Palestine Studies, 1970), 69-76. The memorandum was originally published in Beirut on 18 June 1967.
[14] Rosemary Radford Ruether and Herman J. Ruether The Wrath of Jonah (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2002), 183-186.
[15] For an authoritative analysis of Ateek’s use of anti-Judaic polemic from the New Testament to cast Israel as a cosmological affront to God’s purposes for humanity, see Adam Gregerman, “Old Wine in New Bottles,” Journal of Ecumenical Studies 41, 2 (2004).
[16] Sabeel has its supporters in every mainline church in the United States, but does not operate with equal influence in every denomination. For example, Sabeel has close ties to the Episcopal Church and, largely as a consequence of Ateek’s status as an Anglican priest, has relied on members of this church for financial support. But Sabeel has achieved its legislative victories, so to speak, in other churches – most notably the United Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ, neither of which has historical ties of its own to the Holy Land.
Sabeel’s success in these churches highlights how the organization provides an emotional and logistical link to the Holy Land that they would otherwise lack. In return, the churches embrace Sabeel’s anti-Zionist agenda. Sabeel’s success in these churches also highlights the fact that all U.S. mainline Protestant churches relate to the Holy Land in a way that emphasizes politics and activism as opposed to worship and history. To these churches, the Holy Land is not the scene of Christianity’s religious drama but, rather, of an ongoing battle between good and evil in which they can take sides through peace activism.
[17] “Past Witness Trips,” Friends of Sabeel North America. Retrieved 16 September 2010, http://fosna.org/past-witness-trips
[18] This document is not available online, but it is publicized on the website of the Global Ministries Board of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) and the United Church of Christ. Retrieved 20 September 2010, http://globalministries.org/images/stories/documents/contemporary_way.pdf
[19] “Contemporary Way of the Cross: A Liturgical Journey along the Palestinian Via Dolorosa,” Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation, Jerusalem, 2005, 26-29. For more detail, see Dexter Van Zile, “Sabeel’s Demonizing Liturgy,” CAMERA, 7 December 2007. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1409 This unhappy innovation has been embraced by the United Methodist Church. An appendix to its “Israel-Palestine Mission Study for 2007-2008″ provides discussion leaders with handouts that use the Stations of the Cross to describe Israeli misdeeds and Palestinian suffering.
[20] Sabeel Wave of Prayer for Thursday, November 8, 2007.
[21] For a list of these statements, see http://fosna.org/sabeel-papers, but please note that the dates associated with the texts are not reliable. For example, the date offered for the document titled “Sabeel’s Call for Morally Responsible Investment” is inaccurate. The document was issued sometime before the summer gathering of the United Church of Christ, which took place in July 2004. The document was cited at this assembly by proponents of divestment.
[22] Since 2002 Sabeel has hosted thirty-two major conferences in North America, with the highest level of activity occurring in 2005 and 2008, which witnessed six conferences apiece. See “Past Conferences,” Friends of Sabeel North America. Retrieved 16 September 2010, http://fosna.org/past-conferences The author has attended three of the conferences on this list, Chicago (2005), Denver (2005), Boston (2007), and two smaller events not listed: Salem, MA (2005) and Quincy, MA (2006).
[23] “International Friends of Sabeel,” Sabeel Narrative Report 2009, Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center. Retrieved 20 September, www.sabeel.org/pdfs/Narrative%20report%202009.pdf
[24] Jean Zaru, Occupied with Nonviolence: A Palestinian Woman Speaks (Minneapolis, MN: Fortress Press, 2008).
[25] Naim Ateek, A Palestinian Christian Cry for Reconciliation (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 2008).
[26] Na’em S. Ateek, “Toward a Strategy for the Episcopal Church in Israel with a Special Focus on the Political Situation: Analysis and Prospect,” dissertation/project presented to the Committee for Advance Pastoral Studies, San Francisco Theological Seminary, 1 August 1982.
[27] Ibid., 261-262.
[28] Ibid., 274.
[29] Ibid., 276.
[30] Ibid.
[31] Quoted in Ateek, “Toward a Strategy,” 178-179.
[32] L. Humphrey Walz, “Prophecy, Zionism, and the State of Israel,” Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, February 1989, 41. Retrieved 24 September 2010, www.wrmea.com/backissues/0289/8902041.htm
[33] Berger features prominently in Thomas A. Kolsky’s Jews against Zionism: The American Council for Judaism 1942-1948 (Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1990).
[34] Quoted in Nathan Rotenstreich, “The Revival of the Fossil Remnant: Or Toynbee and Jewish Nationalism,” Jewish Social Studies 24, 3 (July 1962): 131-143. For an example of Toynbee’s comparison of Zionists with Nazis, see 137; for the fossil quote, see 133.
[35] Ibid., 132.
[36] Ateek, “Toward a Strategy,” 179.
[37] Ibid., 180.
[38] Ibid., 190.
[39] Ibid., 191-192.
[40] Ibid., 193-194.
[41] Ibid., 194-196.
[42] Ibid., 197-198.
[43] Ibid., 202.
[44] Ibid.
[45] Ibid., 203.
[46] Ibid., 204.
[47] Ibid., 279.
[48] “The Jerusalem Sabeel Document: Principles for a Just Peace in Palestine-Israel,” Friends of Sabeel North America, 1 May 2006, http://fosna.org/content/jerusalem-sabeel-document-principles-just-peace-palestine-israel Retrieved 19 January 2011. [Deleted the reference to 2004 in the document because Sabeel in Jerusalem has monkeyed with the dates. Naim Ateek has denied that Sabeel supports a one-state solution, but the evidence indicates that the organization’s ultimate agenda is decidedly in favor of it. For example, Sabeel supporter Mark Braverman notes on page 42 of his text, Fatal Embrace: Christians, Jews, and the Search for Peace in the Holy Land (Austin, TX: Synergy Books, 2010), that the organization does support a one-state solution. Braverman reports a conversation he had with Sabeel activist Nora Carmi in which she stated that the organization supports «the ideal of one state in which Jews and Palestinians could live together as equals, even though she is not optimistic about this coming to pass.»
[49] Ateek, “Toward a Strategy,” 274.
[50] Interestingly enough, Ateek is one of the few members of his family who still lives in the Holy Land; most of his relatives have moved to the United States. Brian Grieves, “A Journey of justice, a journey of faith: An interview with Naim Ateek,” The Witness, September 2001. Retrieved 22 September 2010, http://thewitness.org/archive/sept2001/grievesateekinterview.html
[51] Alain Epp Weaver and Sonia K. Weaver, Salt & Sign: Mennonite Central Committee in Palestine 1949-1999 (Akron, OH: Mennonite Central Committee, 1999), 87.
[52] Rosemary Radford Ruether, Liberation Theology: Human Hope Confronts Christian History and American Power (New York: Paulist Press, 1972).
[53] Ibid., 11.
[54] Ibid., 13.
[55] Dennis T. Olson, Numbers: Interpretation, a Biblical Commentary for Teaching and Preaching (Louisville, KY: John Knox Press, 1996), 63.
[56] Naim S. Ateek, Marc H. Ellis, and Rosemary Radford Ruether, eds., Faith and the Intifada (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis, 1991).
[57] Brian Grieves, “A Journey of justice, a journey of faith: An interview with Naim Ateek,” The Witness, September 2001. Retrieved 22 September 2010, http://thewitness.org/archive/sept2001/grievesateekinterview.html
[58] Naim Ateek, “The Zionist Ideology of Domination versus the Reign of God: The Ultimate Triumph of Justice and Love,” sermon given at the Cathedral of Notre Dame, Jerusalem, 22 February 2001. Retrieved 14 September 2010, http://web.archive.org/web/20071028165435/http:/www.sabeel.org/old/conf2001/ateek.htm
[59] Ibid.
[60] Richard Rubenstein, After Auschwitz: History, Theology, and Contemporary Judaism, 2d ed. (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992), 68.
[61] http://web.archive.org/web/20040130160044/www.sabeel.org/old/conf2001/ateekser.htm
[62] Naim Ateek, “An Easter Message from Sabeel,” 6 April 2001, Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.sabeel.org/pdfs/2001%20Easter%20Message.htm
[63] Amy-Jill Levine, The Misunderstood Jew: The Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus (San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 2006), 184.
[64] Naim Ateek, “Sabeel Appeals to the Conscience of the International Community to Put an End to the Massacre of the Palestinian People,” Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center, 5 October 2000. Retrieved 20 September, http://web.archive.org/web/20071007073212/http:/www.sabeel.org/old/reports/massacre/index.htm The Arabic version of this document, which is slightly different in tone and content, is available at http://web.archive.org/web/20060813152826/http:/www.sabeel.org/old/reports/massacre/arabic.htm (retrieved 20 September 2010).
[65] Martin Gilbert, Jerusalem in the Twentieth Century (New York: Wiley, 1996), 119-123.
[66] Gil Sedan, “News Analysis: Militant Islamic Movement is radicalizing Israeli Arabs,” Jewish Telegraphic Agency, 19 September 2001.
[67] Ateek, “Toward a Strategy,” 1982, 277.
[68] Naim Ateek, “Suicide Bombers: What is theologically and morally wrong with suicide bombings?:
A Palestinian Christian perspective,” Cornerstone 25 (Summer 2001). Retrieved 25 September 2010, http://web.archive.org/web/20040322010409/http:/www.sabeel.org/old/news/cstone25/suicidebombers.htm
[69] Yossi Klein Halevi, At the Entrance to the Garden of Eden: A Jew’s Search for Hope with Christians and Muslims in the Holy Land (New York: Harper Perennial, 2002), xv-xvi.
[70] Khalil ‘Athamina, “Eschatology and Apocalyptic Literature In Early Islam,” in Naim Ateek et al., eds., Challenging Christian Zionism: Theology, Politics and the Israel-Palestine Conflict (London: Melisende, 2005), 179-191.
[71] Dexter Van Zile, “Sabeel’s Rhetoric Questioned by Jewish Peace Activists,” CAMERA, 28 March 2008. Retrieved 25 September 2010, www.camera.org/index.asp?x_print=1&x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1472
[72] Roberta Seid, “Sabeel Brings Intolerance to Seattle, Next Step San Francisco,” Stand With Us, 4 March 2010. Retrieved 21 September, www.standwithus.com/app/inews/view_n.asp?ID=1350
[73] Van Zile, “Sabeel’s Rhetoric.”
[74] Jerome Segal, Creating the Palestinian State: A Strategy for Peace (Chicago: Lawrence Hill, 1989).
[75] Seid, “Sabeel Brings Intolerance.” Seid’s account of Braverman’s talk may be regarded with disbelief by some readers, but it is well within the realm of expected behavior. For more information about Braverman’s message, see Dexter Van Zile, “Kreisky’s Children,” New English Review, January 2010. Retrieved 21 September 2010, www.newenglishreview.org/custpage.cfm/frm/53754/sec_id/53754 Braverman depicts Jews as having lost their way and Christian peace activists as being able to help them back to sanity.
[76] “On Supporting the Geneva Accord, Urging Israel and Palestine to Implement the Accord,” Item 12-01, approved by the PC(USA)’s 2004 General Assembly. Retrieved 14 July 2009, http://index.pcusa.org/NXT/gateway.dll?fn=default.htm$f=templates$vid=GA216:10.1048/Enu$3.0
[77] Gavin Langmuir notes that by 1350, the notion that the Jews were “incapable of fully rational thought [and] conspired to overthrow Christendom,…committed ritual crucifixions, ritual cannibalism, and host profanation, and…caused Black Death by poisoning wells” was widespread in northern Europe. Gavin Langmuir, Toward a Definition of Antisemitism (Los Angeles: University of California, 1990), 302.
[78] Ateek did not speak at the PC(USA)’s 2004 General Assembly; that honor went to Lutheran pastor Mitri Raheb. But Sabeel material was a major component of the campaign to convince Presbyterians to support divestment and in the passage of an overture condemning Christian Zionism.
[79] “A Statement for Morally Responsible Investment: A Nonviolent Response to the Occupation,” Sabeel Ecumenical Liberation Theology Center, April 2005. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.sabeel.org/documents/A%20nonviolence%20sabeel%20second%20revision.pdf
[80] Quoted in Wanda Bryant-Wills, “Disciples Call Upon Israel to Tear Down Barrier,” Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), 5 August 2005. Retrieved 8 September 2010, http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/BF52F07A4D2D661B852570570064740F
[81] Anne K. Conway, “Another church slams ‘wall’,” Canadian Jewish News, 4 August 2005, 25.
[82] “The Speech the Disciples of Christ Wouldn’t Hear,” Solomonia (blog), 27 July 2005. Retrieved 8 September 2010, www.solomonia.com/blog/archives/006297.shtml
[83] This list can be seen at http://fosna.org/files/fosna/events/FOSNA-NewsDonorPagesMarch2007.pdf (retrieved 25 September 2010).
[84] Beth Duff-Brown, “U.S. Clergy Warn about Divesting in Israel,” Associated Press, 28 October 2005.
[85] During the conference, however, Jeff Halper of the Israeli Committee Against House Demolitions called for wholesale boycotts of Israeli business, including sports teams. Roberta Seid, “Friends of Sabeel Conference, Toronto Oct. 26-29 2005,” unpublished manuscript, 1 November 2005, 1.
[86] Ibid., 2.
[87] Ibid., 3.
[88] Ibid.
[89] Ibid., 4.
[90] Dennis M. Mahoney, “Peace awards will include controversial Palestinian,” Columbus Dispatch, 9 June 2006. Also see “Fair Witness Calls on Rev. Ateek to Repent,” Christians for Fair Witness on the Middle East, Religion Press Release Services, 15 June 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2010, http://religion-press-release-services.blogspot.com/2006/06/fair-witness-calls-on-rev-ateek-to.html
[91] Quoted in “Sabeel’s Naim Ateek receives peace award from Episcopal Peace Fellowship,” Religion Press Release Services, 20 June 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2010, http://religion-press-release-services.blogspot.com/2006/06/sabeels-naim-ateek-receives-peace.html
[92] Quoted in Sherri Wood Emmons, “Is Israel’s security barrier necessary?,” Disciples World, September 2006. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.disciplesworldmagazine.com/node/6605
[93] “In Support of a Renewed and Balanced Study and Response to the Conflict between Palestine and Israel,” referred directly to an Implementing Body by the 26th General Synod of the United Church of Christ on 22 June 2007 (Minutes with Appendices, Twenty-Sixth General Synod, 49-52). Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.ucc.org/synod/pdfs/gs26minutes.pdf
[94] Dexter Van Zile, “Tutu’s Words of Philosemitism Ring Hollow,” CAMERA, 5 November, 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010, www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1396
[95] Dexter Van Zile, “Boston’s Old South Welcomes Sabeel,” CAMERA, 10 October 2007. Retrieved, www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1385
[96] Ronne Friedman, “Sabeel: A Letter from Temple Israel,” 23 October 2007, Solomonia.com. Retrieved 24 September 2010, http://www.solomonia.com/blog/archive/2007/10/sabeel-a-letter-from-temple-israel/
[97] Taylor’s letter can be seen at “Nancy Taylor responds to Rabbi Ronne Friedman,” UCCtruths.com, 9 November 2007. Retrieved 24 September 2010, http://ucctruths.blogspot.com/2007/11/nancy-taylor-responds-to-rabbi-ronne.html
[98] Matthew Davies, “Brian Grieves honored for decades-long peace and justice ministry,” Episcopal Life Online, 19 October 2009. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.episcopalchurch.org/81831_115673_ENG_HTM.htm
[99] Joshua A. Goldberg, “UCC Installs Geoffrey Black as New Leader,” Christian Post, 19 April 2010. Retrieved 20 September 2010, www.christianpost.com/article/20100419/ucc-installs-geoffrey-black-as-new-leader/index.html
[100] Dexter Van Zile, “British Methodists Throw Israel under the Bus,” CAMERA, 25 June 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010, http://camera.org/index.asp?x_context=2&x_outlet=118&x_article=1887
[101] Brian D. McLaren, “Last Day in Israel and Palestine,” brian d. mclaren, (blog), 28 January 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010, http://brianmclaren.net/archives/blog/this-morning-ill-be-back.html
[102] Hilary Leila Krieger, “Pro-Israel shoppers defy Ahava products boycott call,” Jerusalem Post, 25 July, 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010, www.jpost.com/International/Article.aspx?id=182493
[103] “Sabeel Now, 2010,” Friends of Sabeel North America (YouTube channel), 2 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010, www.youtube.com/user/FriendsOfSabeelNA#p/a/u/0/wgLOG5-T_F0 The off-camera statements of a woman speaking during Bill Christian’s close-up, which begins at 5:14 in the video, are enlightening.
[104] “Sabra and Shatilla: A Testimony,” Friends of Sabeel North America (YouTube channel), 4 September 2010. Retrieved 24 September 2010, www.youtube.com/user/FriendsOfSabeelNA#p/a/u/1/v8OWhu4aayY
